IS

Grover, Varun

Research Interests (103)

List of Topics (103)

Topic Weight Topic Terms
1.351 capabilities capability firm firms performance resources business information technology firm's resource-based competitive it-enabled view study
1.285 model research data results study using theoretical influence findings theory support implications test collected tested
1.045 structural pls measurement modeling equation research formative squares partial using indicators constructs construct statistical models
0.999 research researchers framework future information systems important present agenda identify areas provide understanding contributions using
0.948 competitive advantage strategic systems information sustainable sustainability dynamic opportunities capabilities environments environmental turbulence turbulent dynamics
0.685 structure organization structures organizational centralized decentralized study organizations forms decentralization processing communication sharing cbis activities
0.633 change organizational implementation case study changes management organizations technology organization analysis successful success equilibrium radical
0.622 planning strategic process management plan operational implementation critical used tactical effectiveness number identified activities years
0.610 results study research information studies relationship size variables previous variable examining dependent increases empirical variance
0.568 performance firm measures metrics value relationship firms results objective relationships firm's organizational traffic measure market
0.567 research information systems science field discipline researchers principles practice core methods area reference relevance conclude
0.549 satisfaction information systems study characteristics data results using user related field survey empirical quality hypotheses
0.527 supply chain information suppliers supplier partners relationships integration use chains technology interorganizational sharing systems procurement
0.472 information strategy strategic technology management systems competitive executives role cio chief senior executive cios sis
0.468 executive information article systems presents eis executives overview computer-based scanning discusses investigation support empirical robert
0.454 knowledge transfer management technology creation organizational process tacit research study organization processes work organizations implications
0.444 strategic benefits economic benefit potential systems technology long-term applications competitive company suggest additional companies industry
0.434 project projects development management isd results process team developed managers teams software stakeholders successful complex
0.433 uncertainty contingency integration environmental theory data fit key using model flexibility perspective environment perspectives high
0.433 effect impact affect results positive effects direct findings influence important positively model data suggest test
0.422 training learning outcomes effectiveness cognitive technology-mediated end-user methods environments longitudinal skills performance using effective method
0.405 outsourcing transaction cost partnership information economics relationships outsource large-scale contracts specificity perspective decisions long-term develop
0.379 alignment strategic business strategy performance technology value organizational orientation relationship information misalignment matched goals perspective
0.368 business digital strategy value transformation economy technologies paper creation digitization strategies environment focus net-enabled services
0.367 managers managerial manager decisions study middle use important manager's appropriate importance context organizations indicate field
0.337 article information author discusses comments technology paper presents states explains editor's authors issue focuses topics
0.336 research study influence effects literature theoretical use understanding theory using impact behavior insights examine influences
0.336 technologies technology new findings efficiency deployed common implications engineers conversion change transformational opportunity deployment make
0.331 theory theories theoretical paper new understanding work practical explain empirical contribution phenomenon literature second implications
0.328 boundary practices capacity new boundaries use practice absorptive organizational technology work field multiple study objects
0.322 model use theory technology intention information attitude acceptance behavioral behavior intentions research understanding systems continuance
0.321 trust trusting study online perceived beliefs e-commerce intention trustworthiness relationships benevolence initial importance trust-building examines
0.311 affective concepts role questions game gaming production games logic play shaping frames future network natural
0.311 factors success information critical management implementation study factor successful systems support quality variables related results
0.309 high low level levels increase associated related characterized terms study focus weak hand choose general
0.302 technology investments investment information firm firms profitability value performance impact data higher evidence diversification industry
0.291 productivity information technology data production investment output investments impact returns using labor value research results
0.288 role relationship positively light important understanding related moderating frequency intensity play stronger shed contribution past
0.288 research study different context findings types prior results focused studies empirical examine work previous little
0.285 process business reengineering processes bpr redesign paper research suggests provide past improvements manage enable organizations
0.277 identity norms identification symbolic community help sense european social important verification set identities form obtained
0.276 perceived usefulness acceptance use technology ease model usage tam study beliefs intention user intentions users
0.274 electronic markets commerce market new efficiency suppliers internet changes marketplace analysis suggests b2b marketplaces industry
0.261 software development maintenance case productivity application tools systems function tool engineering projects effort code developed
0.252 firms firm financial services firm's size examine new based result level including results industry important
0.249 career human professionals job turnover orientations careers capital study resource personnel advancement configurations employees mobility
0.246 motivation intrinsic theory social extrinsic expectancy motivations motivate usage enjoyment rewards consequences reciprocity organizational motivational
0.241 e-commerce value returns initiatives market study announcements stock event abnormal companies significant growth positive using
0.235 commitment need practitioners studies potential role consider difficult models result importance influence researchers established conduct
0.232 usage use self-efficacy social factors individual findings influence organizations beliefs individuals support anxiety technology workplace
0.231 customer customers crm relationship study loyalty marketing management profitability service offer retention it-enabled web-based interactions
0.227 perceived results study field individual support effects microcomputer pressure external usefulness test psychological obligations characteristics
0.227 instrument measurement factor analysis measuring measures dimensions validity based instruments construct measure conceptualization sample reliability
0.221 choice type functions nature paper literature particular implications function examine specific choices extent theoretical design
0.218 job employees satisfaction work role turnover employee organizations organizational information ambiguity characteristics personnel stress professionals
0.212 success model failure information impact variables failures delone suggested dimensions mclean reasons variable finally categories
0.208 information processing needs based lead make exchange situation examined ownership analytical improved situations changes informational
0.206 small business businesses firms external firm's growth size level expertise used high major environment lack
0.205 increased increase number response emergency monitoring warning study reduce messages using reduced decreased reduction decrease
0.197 performance results study impact research influence effects data higher efficiency effect significantly findings impacts empirical
0.193 information research literature systems framework review paper theoretical based potential future implications practice discussed current
0.190 innovation innovations innovative organizing technological vision disruptive crowdsourcing path implemented explain base opportunities study diversity
0.186 business large organizations using work changing rapidly make today's available designed need increasingly recent manage
0.183 governance relational mechanisms bpo rights process coordination outsourcing contractual arrangements technology benefits view informal business
0.181 risk risks management associated managing financial appropriate losses expected future literature reduce loss approach alternative
0.174 systems information management development presented function article discussed model personnel general organization described presents finally
0.164 options real investment option investments model valuation technology value analysis uncertainty portfolio models using context
0.163 mobile telecommunications devices wireless application computing physical voice phones purchases ubiquitous applications conceptualization secure pervasive
0.162 use question opportunities particular identify information grammars researchers shown conceptual ontological given facilitate new little
0.161 outcomes theory nature interaction theoretical paradox versus interpersonal literature provides individual levels understanding dimensions addition
0.160 standards interorganizational ios standardization standard systems compatibility effects cooperation firms industry benefits open interoperability key
0.160 shared contribution groups understanding contributions group contribute work make members experience phenomenon largely central key
0.156 integration present offer processes integrating current discuss perspectives related quality literature integrated benefits measures potential
0.156 taxonomy systems different concept isd alternative generalization mechanistic distinction types generalizability theoretical speech richer induction
0.155 adoption diffusion technology adopters innovation adopt process information potential innovations influence new characteristics early adopting
0.152 results study research experiment experiments influence implications conducted laboratory field different indicate impact effectiveness future
0.148 price buyers sellers pricing market prices seller offer goods profits buyer two-sided preferences purchase intermediary
0.141 relationships relationship relational information interfirm level exchange relations perspective model paper interpersonal expertise theory study
0.141 role roles gender differences women significant play age men plays sample differ played vary understand
0.139 organizational organizations effectiveness factors managers model associated context characteristics variables paper relationships level attention environmental
0.139 values culture relationship paper proposes mixed responsiveness revealed specific considers deployment results fragmentation simultaneously challenges
0.138 empirical model relationships causal framework theoretical construct results models terms paper relationship based argue proposed
0.136 problems issues major involved legal future technological impact dealing efforts current lack challenges subsystem related
0.135 costs cost switching reduce transaction increase benefits time economic production transactions savings reduction impact services
0.134 competence experience versus individual disaster employees form npd concept context construct effectively focus functionalities front-end
0.129 agility capital substitution non-it enablers significant inhibitors link dynamism does agile labor executives enabling dual
0.121 validity reliability measure constructs construct study research measures used scale development nomological scales instrument measurement
0.121 value business benefits technology based economic creation related intangible cocreation assessing financial improved key economics
0.118 differences analysis different similar study findings based significant highly groups popular samples comparison similarities non-is
0.118 research journals journal information systems articles academic published business mis faculty discipline analysis publication management
0.117 information systems paper use design case important used context provide presented authors concepts order number
0.113 systems information research theory implications practice discussed findings field paper practitioners role general important key
0.112 use support information effective behaviors work usage examine extent users expertise uses longitudinal focus routine
0.110 information types different type sources analysis develop used behavior specific conditions consider improve using alternative
0.109 framework model used conceptual proposed given particular general concept frameworks literature developed develop providing paper
0.109 user involvement development users satisfaction systems relationship specific results successful process attitude participative implementation effective
0.108 website users websites technostress stress time online wait delay aesthetics user model image elements longer
0.107 online consumers consumer product purchase shopping e-commerce products commerce website electronic results study behavior experience
0.107 issues management systems information key managers executives senior corporate important importance survey critical corporations multinational
0.106 negative positive effect findings results effects blog suggest role blogs posts examined period relationship employees
0.104 service services delivery quality providers technology information customer business provider asp e-service role variability science
0.102 work people workers environment monitoring performance organizations needs physical useful number personal balance perceptions create
0.102 privacy information concerns individuals personal disclosure protection concern consumers practices control data private calculus regulation

Coauthor Network

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List of Coauthors (51)

Teng, James T. C. 6 Kettinger, William J. 4 Segars, Albert H. 4 Dow, Kevin E. 2
Im, Kun Shin 2 Lee, Choong C. 2 Roberts, Nicholas 2 Saeed, Khawaja A. 2
Ayyagari, Ramakrishna 1 Bharadwaj, Anandhi 1 Burton, F. Greg 1 Bhatt, Ganesh D. 1
Chen, Yi-Ning 1 Cheon, Myun Joong 1 Carter, Michelle 1 Dinger, Michael 1
Davenport, Thomas H. 1 Fiedler, Kirk 1 Fiedler, Kirk Dean 1 Guha, Subashish 1
Galluch, Pamela 1 Galluch, Pamela S. 1 Goslar, Martin D. 1 Guha, Subo 1
Gerow, Jennifer 1 Hwang, Yujong 1 Henry, Raymond M. 1 Jeong, Seung-Ryul 1
Jeong, Seung Ryul 1 Kim, Gimun 1 Kohli, Rajiv 1 Lightner, Nancy J. 1
Lyytinen, Kalle 1 McMurtrey, Mark E. 1 Narayanaswamy, Ravi 1 Otim, Samual 1
Purvis, Russell 1 PENNINGTON, ROBIN 1 Ramanlal, Pradipkumar 1 Simon, Steven J. 1
Sambamurthy, Vallabh 1 Straub, Detmar 1 Shin, Bongsik 1 Stewart, Kathy A. 1
Teng, James T.C. 1 Teng, James 1 Tai, Jeffrey C. F. 1 Whitcomb, Kathleen 1
Wang, Eric T. G. 1 WILCOX, H. DIXON 1 Wong, Jeffrey A. 1

Article Keywords (175)

alignment 2 competitive advantage 2 electronic commerce 2 information systems development 2
IT infrastructure 2 IT value 2 knowledge 2 Organizational Innovation 2
organizational learning 2 organizational structure 2 Absorptive capacity 1 adoption of telecommunications 1
alignment paradox 1 Behavior Modeling 1 bidirectional model 1 buyer strategies 1
behavioral intention 1 business process reengineering 1 business partnership 1 business process change 1
business–IT strategic alignment 1 Computer Training 1 Cluster Analysis 1 coordination costs 1
coordination theory 1 competitive use of IS 1 chief information officer 1 change management 1
case study 1 communication technologies 1 career orientation 1 CASE 1
customer value 1 competitive capabilities 1 collaborative systems 1 competitive dynamics 1
customer agility 1 digital options 1 digital business strategy 1 dynamic capabilities 1
dynamic capability 1 downside risk 1 developer relationships 1 development project 1
End-user Satisfaction 1 Event Study 1 Electronic markets 1 economic theory 1
external consistency 1 expectancy theory 1 expert system 1 environmental characteristics 1
e-commerce 1 electronic commerce competence 1 electronic integration 1 epistemic scripts 1
firm Size Effect 1 firm size 1 formative indicators 1 flexibility 1
facilitators and inhibitors 1 financial measures 1 firm performance 1 human behavior 1
Innovation Theory 1 IS Innovation 1 IT Announcements 1 IT Impacts 1
information processing perspective 1 information systems and organizational change 1 IT competence 1 information systems measures 1
interpretational confounding 1 ICTs 1 information and communication technologies 1 information systems 1
IT capability 1 information processing view 1 IT-enabled planning and control 1 individual motivation 1
information system success. 1 implementation of telecommunications 1 information system managerial roles 1 information system maturity 1
information system middle managers 1 Information system personnel 1 implementation of innovations 1 information systems outsourcing 1
information technology structure 1 information technology workers 1 intention to purchase 1 IT business experience 1
IT capabilities 1 interorganizational systems 1 IT investment 1 IT strategic role 1
influence tactics 1 Information systems discipline 1 IS theory 1 IT artifact 1
institutional analysis 1 IT identity 1 individual IT use 1 IT embeddedness 1
job satisfaction 1 knowledge capital 1 knowledge management 1 knowledge market 1
knowledge process 1 longitudinal research 1 longitudinal study 1 leadership exchange 1
Market Value 1 myths of markets 1 measurement instability 1 measurement models 1
mediation 1 meta-analysis 1 middle-range theory 1 networked markets 1
normative contracts 1 organizational Performance. 1 organizational strategies 1 outsourcing success 1
organizational decision-making structure 1 organizational integration 1 organizational performance 1 open innovation 1
Planning Effectiveness 1 production theory 1 process capital 1 phasing 1
project management 1 project manager 1 productivity paradox 1 Qualitative Analysis 1
resource-based view 1 reputation in e-commerce 1 relationship infrastructure 1 real options perspective 1
resource-based view of the firm 1 review 1 research inquiry 1 Survival Analysis 1
Strategic Planning 1 Stock Price Reaction 1 Stock Volume Reaction 1 structuration theory 1
strategic impact 1 Sustainability 1 seller strategies 1 strategic agility 1
stress 1 strain 1 stressors 1 service quality. 1
successful process change 1 system trust 1 supply chains 1 survey research 1
shared understanding 1 Technical Innovation 1 Tri-Core Model 1 time-lagged model 1
transaction cost economics 1 Technostress 1 technology characteristics 1 transaction cost theory 1
telecommunications technologies 1 taxonomy. 1 telecommunications 1 trust in vendor 1
teams 1 theory borrowing 1 theory development 1

Articles (36)

Me, My Self, and I(T): Conceptualizing Information Technology Identity and its Implications (MIS Quarterly, 2015)
Authors: Abstract:
    As social roles and relationships become increasingly inseparable from people's interactions with information technologies (ITs), new constructs representing this intertwinement are needed to expand understandings of human behavior. As part of that endeavor, this paper draws on structural symbolic interactionist identity theories to systematically develop a conceptual definition of one such construct, IT identityÑdefined as the extent to which an individual views use of an IT as integral to his or her sense of selfÑas a new form of identity. The construct is framed within a theoretical model. Our goal is to facilitate the establishment of IT identity as an important and relevant construct that can improve our understanding of a variety of phenomena. In doing so, this paper makes three contributions to the information systems (IS) literature. First, it delineates current understanding of IT as a medium, determinant, or consequent of identity. Second, it defines the conceptual domain and theme of IT identity, which is necessary for investigating the construct's theoretical influence. Third, it demonstrates the utility of IT identity to a wide range of IS topics relating to how people express, maintain, and expand their self-concepts. In doing so, it offers potential directions and opportunities for IS researchers to incorporate this novel concept into IS research.
New State of Play in Information Systems Research: The Push to the Edges (MIS Quarterly, 2015)
Authors: Abstract:
    The dominant way of producing knowledge in information systems (IS) seeks to domesticate high-level reference theory in the form of mid-level abstractions involving generic and atheoretical information technology (IT) components. Enacting such epistemic scripts squeezes IS theory to the middle range, where abstract reference theory concepts are directly instantiated or slightly modified to the IS context, whereas IT remains exogenous to theory by being treated as an independent variable, mediator, or moderator. In this design, IT is often operationalized using proxies that detect the presence of IT or its variation in use or cost. Our analysis of 143 articles published in MIS Quarterly and Information Systems Research over the past 15 years demonstrates that over 70 percent of published theory conforms to this mode of producing IS knowledge. This state of play has resulted in two negative consequences: the field (1) agonizes over the dearth of original and bold theorizing over IT and (2) satisfices when integrating theory with empirics by creating incommensurate mid-range models that are difficult to consolidate. We propose that one way to overcome these challenges is to critically examine and debate the negative impacts of the field's dominant epistemic scripts and relax them by permitting IS scholarship that more fluidly accommodates alternative forms of knowledge production. This will push IS inquiry to the ÒedgesÓ and emphasize, on the one hand, inductive, rich inquiries using innovative and extensive data sets and, on the other hand, novel, genuine, high-level theorizing around germane conceptual relationships between IT, information and its (semiotic) representations, and social behaviors. We offer several exemplars of such inquiries and their results. To promote this push, we invite alternative institutionalized forms of publishing and reviewing. We conclude by inviting individual scholars to be more open to practices that permit richer theorizing. These recommendations will broaden the field's knowledge ecology and permit the creation of good IS knowledge over just getting Òhits.Ó We surmise that, if such changes are carried out, the field can look confidently toward its future as one of the epicenters of organizational inquiry that deal with the central forces shaping human enterprise in the 21st century.
Looking Toward the Future of IT-Business Strategic Alignment through the Past: A Meta-Analysis (MIS Quarterly, 2014)
Authors: Abstract:
    Research examining the relationship between IT–business strategic alignment (hereafter referred to as alignment) and firm performance (hereafter referred to as performance) has produced apparently conflicting findings (i.e., an alignment paradox). To examine the alignment paradox, we conducted a meta-analysis that probed the interrelationships between alignment, performance, and context constructs. We found the alignment dimensions (intellectual, operational, and cross-domain) demonstrate unique relationships with the different performance types (financial performance, productivity, and customer benefit) and with many of the other constructs in alignment’s nomological network. All mean corrected correlations between dimensions of alignment and dependent variables were positive and most of the credibility interval values in these analyses were also positive. Overall, the evidence gathered from the extant literature suggests there is not much of an alignment paradox. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the relationships between alignment and performance outcomes and offering insight into sources of inconsistencies in alignment research. By doing so, this paper lays a foundation for more consistent treatment of alignment in future IT research.
Do Large Firms Become Smaller by Using Information Technology? (Information Systems Research, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    The relationship between information technology (IT) and a key organizational design variable, firm size, is an important area of study, particularly given the ongoing transition to an information-based economy. To better understand the more nuanced aspects of the relationship, we formulated a bidirectional and time-lagged model that incorporates different perspectives from organizational theories and transaction cost economics. Our two models—the bidirectional and one-year lagged model and the bidirectional and two-year lagged model-were tested using nine-year panel data on IT spending, IT stock, coordination costs, firm size, and relevant control variables for 277 manufacturing firms. We found a sequential interaction between IT and firm size in both of the two models: as a firm grows in size, its coordination activities increase; the firm then uses more IT to handle the increased activities of coordination; this increased use of IT, in turn, decreases coordination costs, and eventually, the size of the firm decreases. It was also found that the presence of coordination costs is necessary for the sequential interaction between IT and firm size, indicating coordination between and within firms is a major reason for firms to invest in IT and for IT effect to take place on firm size. This study has taken an initial step by attempting to empirically examine dual causality and longitudinal effects between IT and firm size, and to reconcile different theoretical perspectives on the relationship between them. We hope this work can act as a catalyst for developing a better understanding of the complex relationship between IT and organizations, with the ultimate goal of offering robust prescriptions for successful structural change.
The Impact of Influence Tactics in Information System Development Projects: A Control-Loss Perspective. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    Information systems development (ISD) projects are prone to high levels of failure. One of the major reasons attributed to these failures is the inability to harmonize values held by a diverse set of participants in an environment that is characterized by uncertainty due to changing requirements. In this paper, we focus on a relational approach to achieve congruence between a project manager and a team member with respect to influence tactics. Constructs of perceptual congruence and communication congruence that reflect a level of agreement and degree of shared understanding between the project manager and team members are described. A congruence model is constructed and tied to an intermediate outcome variable of control loss. One hundred and thirteen dyadic pairs of project managers and team members are surveyed in order to test the model. The results indicate that having strong relational equity and common understanding can minimize control loss. It is important to consider the perspectives of both the project manager and a team member while formulating and assessing monitoring strategies to promote the success of an ISD project. Especially, encouraging team members to discuss disagreements constructively can motivate them to perform better and keep things under control. Finally, it is critical to address the performance problems as they occur rather than wait until the completion of the project.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONAL BENEFITS OF IMPROVED INTERFIRM INFORMATION PROCESSING CAPABILITY IN BUYER-SUPPLIER DYADS. (MIS Quarterly, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    Information Systems research has studied how buyers and suppliers can benefit from improved information visibility in supply chains characterized by uncertainty. However, the relation-specific information processing solutions that provide visibility can only be exploited if the two firms engage in sufficient coordination efforts. This work takes a nuanced look at how dyadic benefits are derived in the supply chain. Drawing on the information processing view, resource-based view, and transaction cost theory, this study explicates how buyer performance can result from buyer's use of relation-specific information processing solutions and supplier's relational responses. Two interfirm information processing solutions are proposed and examined: the use of IT-based systems for planning and control, and the use of relational (normative) contracts. Based on a sample of 144 manufacturing firms, eight of the nine proposed research hypotheses receive empirical support using PLS analysis. The findings suggest that as buyers and suppliers utilize the IT and relational solutions, they induce relation-specific responses represented as supplier's business process investments and modification flexibility, which in turn lead to positive buyer outcomes. The results help us gain a more granular understanding on how relation-specific interfirm information processing solutions can lead to performance through enhanced interfirm governance capabilities.
REVEALING YOUR HAND: CAVEATS IN IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL BUSINESS STRATEGY. (MIS Quarterly, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    Digital business strategies (DBS) offer significant opportunities for firms to enhance competitiveness. Unlike the large proprietary systems of the 1980s, today's "micro-applications" allow firms to create and reconfigure digital capabilities to appropriate short-term competitive advantage. In the quest to provide value to customers through digitization, such applications can be efficiently deployed. However, we propose that in the long-term not all digitization is desirable. Indiscriminate digital initiatives through the use of micro-applications by a firm could "reveal its hand" to competitors and erode competitiveness. We propose that a firm's DBS must balance its system-software, process, and information-visibility with the ability to appropriate value from such systems. Through a visibility-value framework, and examples drawn from practice, this article illustrates the tradeoffs involved in making these choices as the firm traverses a dynamic business environment. In doing so, it raises sensitivity to an important caveat in digital environments epitomized by hyper-competition and transparency.
Leveraging Information Technology Infrastructure to Facilitate a Firm's Customer Agility and Competitive Activity: An Empirical Investigation. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper investigates how information technology (IT) facilitates a firm's customer agility and, in turn, competitive activity. Customer agility captures the extent to which a firm is able to sense and respond quickly to customer-based opportunities for innovation and competitive action. Drawing from the dynamic capability and IT business value research streams, we propose that IT plays an important role in facilitating a "knowledge creating" synergy derived from the interaction between a firm's Web-based customer infrastructure and its analytical ability. This will enhance the firm's ability to sense customer-based opportunities. IT also plays an important role in "process enhancing" synergy obtained from the interaction between a firm's coordination efforts and its level of information systems integration, which facilitates the firm's ability to respond to those opportunities. We also leverage the competitive dynamics and strategic alignment literature to propose that the alignment between customer-sensing capability and customer-responding capability will impact the firm's competitive activity. We test our model with a two-stage research design in which we survey marketing executives of high-tech firms. Our results show that a Web-based customer infrastructure facilitates a firm's customer-sensing capability; furthermore, analytical ability positively moderates this relationship. We also find that internal systems integration positively moderates the relationship between interfunctional coordination and a firm's customer-responding capability. Finally, our results show that agility alignment affects the efficacy of a firm's competitive actions. In particular, action efficacy is higher when sensing and responding capabilities are both high.
The Impact of Information Technology Investments on Downside Risk of the Firm: Alternative Measurement of the Business Value of IT. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    We examine the effect that investments in information technology (IT) have on downside risk profiles of companies that made public announcements of their investments in technology. Given the limitations of financial and decision theory perspectives on risk, we adopt the strategic management perspective that stresses downside risk as an important alternative measure of firm performance. We examine whether different types of IT investments have a differential impact on firm downside risk. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm and the real options perspective, we find evidence that IT investments and their timing influence organizational downside risk. Transformational and informational IT investments lead to a reduction in downside risk only if they lead to strategic IT investments in the industry. For competitive necessities such as IT investments that automate business functions, a reduction in downside risk is realized by investing in parity with industry participants. Our study contributes to the literature by offering an alternative perspective on the benefits of IT investments, particularly where no apparent incremental financial results may be evident. It also generates insights on IT investment strategies that may help firms keep up with or stay ahead of the competition.
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH: REVIEW, SYNTHESIS, AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. (MIS Quarterly, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    Absorptive capacity is a firm's ability to identify, assimilate, transform, and apply valuable external knowledge.It is considered an imperative for business success. Modern information technologies perform a critical role in the development and maintenance of a firm's absorptive capacity. We provide an assessment of absorptive capacity in the information systems literature. IS scholars have used the absorptive capacity construct in diverse and often contradictory ways. Confusion surrounds how absorptive capacity should be conceptualized, its appropriate level of analysis, and how it can be measured. Our aim in reviewing this construct is to reduce such confusion by improving our understanding of absorptive capacity and guiding its effective use in IS research. We trace the evolution of the absorptive capacity construct in the broader organizational literature and pay special attention to its conceptualization, assumptions, and relationship to organizational learning.Following this, we investigate how absorptive capacity has been conceptualized, measured, and used in IS research. We also examine how absorptive capacity fits into distinct IS themes and facilitates understanding of various IS phenomena. Based on our analysis, we provide a framework through which IS researchers can more fully leverage the rich aspects of absorptive capacity when investigating the role of information technology in organizations.
TECHNOSTRESS: TECHNOLOGICAL ANTECEDENTS AND IMPLICATIONS. (MIS Quarterly, 2011)
Authors: Abstract:
    With the proliferation and ubiquity of information and communication technologies (ICTs), it is becoming imperative for individuals to constantly engage with these technologies in order to get work accomplished. Academic literature, popular press, and anecdotal evidence suggest that ICTs are responsible for increased stress levels in individuals (known as technostress). However, despite the influence of stress on health costs and productivity, it is not very clear which characteristics of ICTs create stress. We draw from IS and stress research to build and test a model of technostress. The person-environment fit model is used as a theoretical lens. The research model proposes that certain technology characteristics-like usability (usefulness, complexity,and reliability), intrusiveness (presenteeism, anonymity), and dynamism (pace of change)-are related to stressors (work overload, role ambiguity, invasion of privacy, work-home conflict, and job insecurity). Field data from 661 working professionals was obtained and analyzed. The results clearly suggest the prevalence of technostress and the hypotheses from the model are generally supported. Work overload and role ambiguity are found to be the two most dominant stressors, whereas intrusive technology characteristics are found to be the dominant predictors of stressors. The results open up new avenues for research by highlighting the incidence of technostress in organizations and possible interventions to alleviate it.
INVESTIGATING TWO CONTRADICTORY VIEWS OF FORMATIVE MEASUREMENT IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH. (MIS Quarterly, 2010)
Authors: Abstract:
    The use of formative measurement in the field of Information Systems has increased, arguably due to statistical tools (e.g., PLS) that can test such models. However, in the literature, there exist two contradictory views on the potential deficiency of formative measurement. While opponents who are critical of formative measurement argue that there are native weaknesses of the formative approach in model estimation, proponents who are in favor of using formative measurement counter that opponents' research methods in measurement model specification are flawed. The goal of this work is to empirically test these opposing views on whether the alleged estimation instability of formative measurement is due to measurement model misspecification or simply the shortcoming of formative measurement. To assess the integrity of arguments of both parties, we adopt a research design in which four different cases are tested in terms of interpretational confounding and external consistency. We find that regardless of whether there is a specification issue, formative measures can lead to misleading outcomes. Based on the results, we offer guidelines that researchers may adopt in planning and executing data analysis with structural equation modeling. Given that the use of formative measurement is at a critical juncture in the IS field, we believe that the guidelines in this research note are important to promote appropriate use of the approach rather than relegate it to a bandwagon effect.
Turning the Corner: The Influence of Positive Thinking on the Information Systems Field. (MIS Quarterly, 2009)
Authors: Abstract:
    The article discusses the importance of positive thinking in the field of information systems (IS). Too often the emphasis at conferences and in published papers is on relatively negative aspects such as whether IS qualifies as a discipline, an alleged identity crisis for IS, and other perceived shortcomings. The authors propose three principles for remedying this state of affairs. Scholars need to give due recognition to the successes that have been achieved in IS, they need to devote less effort to describing problems and more to solving them, and they need to act as more responsible stewards of IS.
The Impact of Product, Market, and Relationship Characteristics on Interorganizational System Integration in Manufacturer--Supplier Dyads. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2007)
Authors: Abstract:
    Firms are increasingly using collaborative systems to enhance supply-chain visibility. A key emphasis of these interorganizational systems (IOS) is to improve the coordination between buyers and suppliers through electronic integration. While such IOS integration is purportedly good, because it tightens linkages in the supply chain, it is not clear whether it is the best configuration under all conditions. A review of literature on adoption and use of electronic data interchange (EDI) systems (a type of IOS) shows that this issue has been examined from multiple theoretic perspectives. Researchers have examined how contingencies related to technology, organization, and environment shape EDI use. Limited attention has been directed toward understanding how conditions under which transactions are conducted impact the use of IOS. We argue that transactional characteristics are important antecedents to IOS integration and propose that demand uncertainty, complexity, market fragmentation, and market volatility capture key characteristics. These factors coupled with an open information-sharing environment are hypothesized to influence IOS integration. Data collected from the electronics industry is used to examine the research model. Results show that firms tend to deploy integrated IOS when complexity of the component is high, market fragmentation is low, and an open information-sharing environment exists. Thus, from a managerial perspective, IOS integration is the appropriate configuration under conditions of high product complexity and open information-sharing environment, but it precludes the firm from participating in the open market and gaining brokerage benefits.
The Relationship of E-Commerce Competence to Customer Value and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2005)
Authors: Abstract:
    The advent of electronic commerce has induced many organizations to develop a Web presence and exploit the opportunities offered by the Internet. In an environment that commodities products and allows for easy imitative behavior through instant access to information on competitor's offerings, it is not clear how to build a sustainable competitive advantage. This study endeavors to facilitate an understanding of this complex issue. Electronic commerce competence is posited as a key driver of organizational performance, and it is argued that this effect is mediated by the generation of "customer value" through Web site functionality. By empirically analyzing primary and secondary data from over 100 companies, the relationship between electronic commerce competence, customer value, and both short- and long-term firm performance is examined. The results show that firms with high electronic commerce competence exhibit superior performance and that customer value generated through Web site functionality partially mediates this relationship. In addition, the results show that companies can enhance short-term performance by providing value to the customer in prepurchase situations. But in order to build customer loyalty and thus long-term performance, companies need to enhance the product ownership experience of customers.
Types of Information Technology Capabilities and Their Role in Competitive Advantage: An Empirical Study. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2005)
Authors: Abstract:
    During the past two decades, both business managers and academic researchers have shown considerable interest in understanding how information technologies (IT) help to create competitive advantage for a firm. While recently the idea of competitive differentiation through IT has been challenged, this study contrasts the traditional thinking about competitive advantage with the re source-based view. Specifically, it is argued that by demarcating specific types of capabilities, we can contribute to better understanding of the sources of IT-based competitive advantage. Conceptually, we distinguish here between value, competitive, and dynamic capabilities as three distinct types of capabilities. Within each type, we identify specific capabilities. such as quality of the IT infrastructure. IT business experience, relationship infrastructure, and intensity of organizational learning, and present a model that describes relationships between these capabilities and competitive advantage. We then empirically test the model using data collected via a national mail survey from chief IT executives from 202 manufacturing firms. While the quality of the IT infrastructure is hypothesized as a value capability and expectedly did not have any significant effect on competitive advantage, the quality of IT business expertise and the relationship infrastructure (competitive capabilities) did. The results of the study also indicate that the intensity of organizational learning (dynamic capability) was significantly related to all of the capabilities. These results point to the importance of delineating capabilities such as relationship infrastructure that can facilitate differentiation in the marketplace, and dynamic capabilities such as organizational learning as an important antecedent to IT capability building.
The Role of System Trust in Business-to-Consumer Transactions. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2003)
Authors: Abstract:
    It has been argued that the buyer's trust of the vendor is a critical precursor to a transactional relationship in an e-commerce environment. This study uses an experimental survey to test a model that includes a number of factors such as trust mechanisms, "system trust," and vendor reputation. The results suggest that one trust mechanism, vendor guarantees, has a direct influence on system trust. Further, within e-commerce situations, system trust plays an important role in the nomological network by directly affecting trust in vendors and indirectly affecting attitudes and intentions to purchase. These results held in the case of both firms with and without an established reputation. The results demonstrate the importance of interventions such as self-reported vendor guarantees that affect system trust in enabling successful e-commerce outcomes.
SHAPING AGILITY THROUGH DIGITAL OPTIONS: RECONCEPTUALIZING THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY FIRMS. (MIS Quarterly, 2003)
Authors: Abstract:
    Agility is vital to the innovation and competitive performance of firms in contemporary business environments. Firms are increasingly relying on information technologies, including process, knowledge, and communication technologies, to enhance their agility. The purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding about the strategic role of IT by examining the nomological network of influences through which IT impacts firm performance. By drawing upon recent thinking in the strategy, entrepreneurship, and IT management literatures, this paper uses a multitheoretic lens to argue that information technology investments and capabilities influence firm performance through three significant organizational capabilities (agility, digital options, and entrepreneurial alertness) and strategic processes (capability-building, entrepreneurial action, and coevolutionary adaptation). We also propose that these dynamic capabilities and strategic processes impact the ability of firms to launch many and varied competitive actions and that, in turn, these competitive actions are a significant antecedent of firm performance. Through our theorizing, we draw attention to a significant and reframed role of IT as a digital options generator in contemporary firms.
Job Satisfaction of Information Technology Workers: The Impact of Career Orientation and Task Automation in a CASE Environment. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2002)
Authors: Abstract:
    This study investigates the job satisfaction of information technology (IT) professionals in an environment where computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools are used. Although the recent downturn in the economy might have temporarily eased the IT labor shortage, issues of recruitment and retention of qualified personnel are key to the success of IS development projects. This study presents a model of the combination of CASE tool usage and job satisfaction as related to internal career orientation. Two hypotheses based on this model were tested using empirical evidence collected through a survey method. The first examines whether the career orientation of IS personnel influences their job satisfaction. The second incorporates the impact of CASE tool usage on this relationship. The results indicate that in a CASE tool environment, personnel with a predominant technical career orientation have more job satisfaction than those with a predominant managerial orientation. However, there is a significant and positive synergy between the sophistication of the CASE tool used and managerial competence orientation leading to higher job satisfaction. These findings indicate that combating the IT personnel shortage through task automation may also increase worker satisfaction, thereby decreasing turnover. Careful selection of the CASE tool for use may result in this win-win situation.
Research Report: A Reexamination of IT Investment and the Market Value of the Firm--An Event Study Methodology. (Information Systems Research, 2001)
Authors: Abstract:
    It has been argued that the intangible benefits of IT, in areas such as improved quality, variety, timeliness, and customization have not been appropriately measured. Many IT productivity studies that use conventional productivity measurement techniques fail to consider many of the improvements in economic output brought- about by IT. To complement these productivity studies, a powerful argument can he made for the use of the event study methodology that has become popular in the accounting and finance literatures.' The event study methodology is a powerful tool that can help IS researchers assess the business performance of IT investments using such marker-based measures as stock once or trading volume, it obviates the need to analyze accounting-based measures of IT investments' benefits, which have been criticized because they are often not adequate indicators of the performance of investments. This method enables researchers to measure stock price changes that can serve as estimates for the effectiveness of the firm in foreseeing and rapidly adapting to its changing environment.
General Perspectives on Knowledge Management: Fostering a Research Agenda. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2001)
Authors: Abstract:
    We trace in pragmatic terms some of what we know about knowledge, information technology, knowledge management practice and research, and provide two complementary frameworks that highlight potential opportunities for building a research agenda in this area. The papers in this special issue are then discussed.
Profiles of Strategic Information Systems Planning. (Information Systems Research, 1999)
Authors: Abstract:
    Improving strategic planning within the realm of information technology management is consistently identified by top corporate executives as a critical competitive issue. While relevant literature in the area is replete with descriptions of planning tools and methodologies, investigations that examine this activity from the perspective of process-based characteristics, or "profiles," are still in the formative stages. Through multivariate analysis of data gathered from 253 organizations, the findings of this study suggest that five distinct profiles of strategic planning can be identified based on dimensions of comprehensiveness (extent of solution search), formalization (existence of rules and procedures), focus (extent of innovation versus integration), flow (top-down, bottom-up), participation (number and variety of planners), and consistency (frequency of planning). While each profile exhibits strength across particular measures of planning effectiveness, the profile associated with all measures of planning effectiveness seems to incorporate elements of rationality (high comprehensiveness, high formalization, control focus, top-down flow) and adaptation (high participation, high consistency). Postsurvey field study of selected firms suggests that the five approaches may represent distinct "schools" of thought that are reflective of deep-seated beliefs and attitudes about strategic planning. These schools (design, planning, positioning, learning, and political) are founded on very different assumptions and provide substantive interpretation for the empirical findings.
Exploring Mediation Between Environmental and Structural Attributes: The Penetration of Communication Technologies in Manufacturing Organizations. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1999)
Authors: Abstract:
    The relationship between organizational structures and information technology (IT) has been the subject of much discussion in IS research. While studies have not yielded conclusive results, the importance of examining the relationship between structure and technology is increasing in an environment where organizations are using contemporary IT to redesign themselves in order to compete more effectively. This paper presents a study that examines the relationship between the use of an important class of IT, communications technologies, and organizational structural attributes within a broad contingency context. Hypotheses are proposed, based on theory from the information-processing paradigm examining the mediating role of communications technologies (CT) in the relationship between environmental characteristics and organizational structural characteristics. Data from 153 manufacturing firms are collected and analyzed. The results show that CT seems to play a direct role in reinforcing structures that emerge from environmental dictates. The expanded set of variables considered in this study and the results provide potentially strong implications for future work in this important area.
SIX MYTHS OF INFORMATION AND MARKETS: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NETWORKS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE BATTLE FOR CONSUMER SURPLUS. (MIS Quarterly, 1999)
Authors: Abstract:
    The infusion of powerful information networks into business environments is beginning to have a profound impact on the nature of governance between buyers and sellers in the marketplace. Most articles in this area emphasize the benefits to the consumer side of the equation due to reduced coordination, search, and transactional costs. This article presents a broader view of information and markets by elucidating innovative ways that sellers can survive in intensely competitive markets. The article is framed in terms of six myths and counter-myths of information technology and effective markets. The myths provide a conventional view of how increased customization and outsourcing, open architectures, a larger customer base, and low price guarantees will benefit the buyer. The counter-myths illustrate that it is altogether feasible for information technology (IT) to enable supplier strategies that extract consumer surplus. For instance, suppliers could use IT to price discriminate by tailoring product offerings and charging buyers as much as they are willing to pay. They could also segment markets making comparative shopping difficult, thus avoiding the competitive equilibrium. Also, suppliers could focus on the creation of networks that lock in customers or follow aggressive pricing strategies that deter price competition. Both the myths and counter-myths are presented and examined in a polemical format using simple, fundamental economic arguments. We hope to provide provocative new avenues for discourse in this area by recognizing the complexity of interactions between buyers and suppliers in a highly networked environment.
Strategic Information Systems Planning Success: An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement. (MIS Quarterly, 1998)
Authors: Abstract:
    The article presents an executive overview of the article "Strategic Information Systems Planning Success: An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement," by Albert H. Segars and Varun Grover, in this same issue of "MIS Quarterly."
Empirical Evidence on Swanson's Tri-core Model of Information Systems Innovation. (Information Systems Research, 1997)
Authors: Abstract:
    Research in IS innovation has been isolated and fragmented. These studies typically examine single innovations and do not effectively integrate notions of IS innovation with organizational innovation. Swanson (1994) extends the prior dual-core model of innovation into a tri-core model specifically for the unique nature of IS innovation. This model provides a useful typology of IS innovation that can form the foundation for innovation theory in this important area. In this paper we present Swanson's tri-core model of IS innovation along with preliminary data to test aspects of the model proposed by Swanson. Adoption of ten IS innovations is studied using two analyses, one based only on adopter sub-samples and the other using a more rigorous treatment of nonadopters based on survival analysis. The objective of this study is simple--to test theory and encourage continued focused inquiry in IS innovation. The results of this study provide partial support for the proposed hypotheses, leading us to conclude on an optimistic note regarding the viability of this model as an integrating framework for IS innovation.
Business Process Change and Organizational Performance: Exploring an Antecedent Model. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1997)
Authors: Abstract:
    Many organizations have undertaken major business process change (BPC) initiatives over the past ten years. Earlier thinking on this topic indicated a significant role for information technology in these initiatives, while more recently the importance of change management has been emphasized. This paper examines a model that proposes various antecedents to successful BPC. Three case studies with varying degrees of BPC project success are described in the context of this model, with the specific goal of determining facilitators and inhibitors to the success of these change efforts. The results indicate that the successful project tended to have facilitators in all dimensions of the framework, including the change environment, process management, and change management. The least successful project exhibited inhibitors primarily in the area of cultural readiness and change management.
The Relationship of Information system Training Methods and Cognitive Ability to End-user Satisfaction, Comprehension, and Skill Transfer: A Longitudinal Field Study. (Information Systems Research, 1996)
Authors: Abstract:
    This study compares traditional and nontraditional training techniques with regard to computer related training. Its purpose was to determine which training methods could best be utilized in computer related training to maximize a trainee's retention of material and transfer of learning. A field experiment was conducted using two hundred members of active duty US. Naval Construction Battalion as subjects. Evaluation of trainees included a pre-training screening, post-training evaluation (immediately after training), and a follow-up session (four weeks after the post-training session) utilizing previously validated instruments. Training treatments included instruction (lecture), exploration (independent study), and a nontraditional technique— behavior modeling (an enhanced combination of the other two methods). Performance outcomes were operationalized using hands-on task performance and comprehension of the computer system as dependent variables. End-user satisfaction with the computer system was also measured. Two covariates, cognitive ability and system use, were also introduced into the study. The use of hands-on training methods, especially behavior modeling, resulted in superior retention of knowledge, transfer of Learning, and end-user satisfaction. Cognitive ability failed to be a good predictor of trainee success but a connection was established between training methodology, system use, and end-user satisfaction
An Empirically Derived Taxonomy of Information Technology Structure and Its Relationship to Organizational Structure. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1996)
Authors: Abstract:
    This study empirically develops a taxonomy that has implications for matching information technology (IT) and organizational structures. The taxonomy of IT structure is based on the degree of centralization of computer processing, capability to support communications, and the ability to share resources. By using a multistep cluster analysis, both the membership and number of groups are derived from the responses of 313 firms. Four IT structures are identified: centralized (centralized processing, low communication, low sharing), decentralized (decentralized processing, low communication, low sharing), centralized cooperative (centralized processing, high communication, high sharing), and distributed cooperative computing (decentralized processing, high communication, high sharing). Centralized computing is related to functional organizational forms with low integration and centralized decision making. Decentralized computing is related to product organizational forms with decentralized decision making. Centralized cooperative computing is related to functional organizational forms with high integration. Distributed cooperative computing is related to both matrix and product organizational forms with high integration. The ability to identify and understand the implications of IT structure is of critical importance to both academic and management practitioners.
The Effect of Service Quality and Partnership on the Outsourcing of Information Systems Functions. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1996)
Authors: Abstract:
    Numerous corporations today are outsourcing specific information systems (IS) functions. The diversity of these outsourcing arrangements goes well beyond that associated with the more traditional facilities management. This paper examines outsourcing trends and reports the results of an empirical study on IS outsourcing. Overall IS outsourcing and its five component functions namely, applications development, systems operations, telecommunications, end-user support, and systems planning and management--are examined for their relationships with outsourcing success. The effect of service quality of the provider and the ability of companies to build a partnership on these relationships are hypothesized and studied. Data from senior executives in 188 companies are gathered. Outsourcing success is found to be highly related to the degree of outsourcing of two functions, systems operations and telecommunications. The results indicate that transaction cost theory provides a good framework for IS outsourcing and that asset specificity of outsourcing transactions needs to be considered in any decision to outsource. Also, both service quality of the vendor and elements of partnership such as trust, cooperation, and communication are important for outsourcing success. Implications of the study for research and practice are discussed.
The Implementation of Business Process Reengineering. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1995)
Authors: Abstract:
    As more organizations undertake business process reengineering (BPR), issues in implementing BPR projects become a major concern. This field research seeks empirically to explore the problems of implementing reengineering projects and how the severity of these problems relates to BPR project success. Based on past theories and research related to the implementation of organizational change as well as field experience of reengineering experts, a comprehensive list of sixty-four BPR implementation problems was identified. The severity of each problem was then rated by those who have participated in reengineering in 105 organizations. Analysis of the results clearly demonstrates the central importance of change management in BPR implementation success. Resolutions of problems in other areas such as technological competence and project planning were also determined to be necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for reengineering success. Further, problems that are more directly related to the conduct of a project such as process delineation, project management, and tactical planning were perceived as less difficult, yet highly related to project success. This situation was also true for human resource problems such as training personnel for the redesigned process. These findings suggest that reengineering project implementation is complex, involving many factors. To succeed, it is essential that change be managed and that balanced attention be paid to all identified factors, including those that are more contextual (e.g., management support and technological competence) as well as factors that pertain directly to the conduct of the project (e.g., project management and process delineation). As one of the first pieces of empirical evidence based on a field study, this research emphasizes the importance of addressing BPR implementation within the broader context of organizational change in a complex sociotechnical environment.
Strategic Information Systems Revisited: A Study in Sustainability and Performance. (MIS Quarterly, 1994)
Authors: Abstract:
    Sustainability of competitive advantage may be achieved by leveraging unique firm attributes with information technology to realize long-term performance gains. Information systems that cannot sustain competitive impact have only transient strategic value or may offer negative value if matched by a superior response by competitors. A research review of sustainability was conducted that resulted in the development of a framework depicting factors effecting sustainable competitive advantage. This study evaluates longitudinal changes in performance measures of 30 firms that have been cited as "classic" cases of strategic use of information technology. The results of this analysis indicate that not all of these classic cases can be touted as "sustained winners." Differences among strategic "sustainers" and "non-sustainers" were formally tested to determine those firm and/or industry factors that may be antecedents to sustained IT competitive advantage. Results indicate that managers must do more than simply assess the uniqueness or availability of emerging technological innovations in developing strategic IT plans. Specifically, the establishment of technological base along with substantial capital availability seem to be important prerequisites for "technologically derived" sustainability. Recognizing the need for a stronger prescriptive orientation to strategic IS, future research is outlined in an effort to develop a comprehensive framework that would link combinations of sustainability factors to actual performance.
The Initiation, Adoption, and Implementation of Telecommunications Technologies in U.S. Organizations. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1993)
Authors: Abstract:
    Despite the increasing pervasiveness of telecommunications technologies, very few studies have holistically attempted to examine their use in organizational contexts. This study approaches the use of these technologies from an innovation perspective. Literature on innovation is synthesized into a testable model and the results of a senior IS executive survey of 154 organizations is reported. Factors that enable initiation, adoption, and implementation of a set of 15 distinct telecommunications technologies are examined. Two factors in particular, environmental uncertainty and decentralization of decision making, show significant relationships with the usage of these technologies. The results provide useful insights into the usage of individual technologies and the contextual factors that enable diffusion of this important set of technologies in U.S. organizations.
The Chief Information Officer: A Study of Managerial Roles. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1993)
Authors: Abstract:
    This study investigates the managerial roles of the chief information officer (CIO) based on Mintzberg's classic managerial role model. Our findings indicate that CIOs differ from manufacturing and sales executives in the relative importance they place on managerial roles. This difference does not exist between CIOs and finance executives or between CIOs and information systems (IS) middle managers. As IS management matures, the spokesman and liaison role of the ClO becomes more important. Surprisingly, as IS matures, the strategic responsibilities entitled in the monitor and entrepreneur roles of the ClO do not become more important. However, it was found that the more centralized the IS resource, the greater the CIO's role in acting as a spokesman, environmental monitor, and resource allocator. The results of this study have implications for management development, training, and the career planning of IS management.
Re-Examining Perceived Ease of Use and Usefulness: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. (MIS Quarterly, 1993)
Authors: Abstract:
    This article notes the results of two studies by D. A. Adams et al designed to replicate previous work by Fred Davis in 1989 regarding perceived usefulness, ease of use, and their influence on the usage of information technology. The authors of the research employed structural equation modeling and utilized regression analysis. Unfortunately, the model fits were unsatisfactory. This author seeks to analyze these scales further by revisiting this research. The authors hope that this research will help researchers interested in statistically testing relationships between variables using structural equation modeling.
An Application of Expectancy Theory for Assessing User Motivation to Utilize an Expert System. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 1992)
Authors: Abstract:
    Evaluation of information system success has been the focus of much research. However, most variables such as user satisfaction and system usage can only be measured after system implementation. To predict system success before actual implementation, behavioral theories indicate that it is necessary to evaluate behavioral intention or users' motivation to use the system. Expectancy theory is considered one of the most promising models of individual motivation. This study examines the use of expectancy theory in explaining the motivation to use an expert system. Data gathered from 95 M.B.A. students in a judgmental modeling exercise suggest that the model is a significant predictor of motivation. It also provides insight into the development of such systems. The successful use of this model further suggests that it is appropriate for evaluating and understanding individual motivation to use a system and, subsequently, system success.